In this unstable global economy, getting into a financial risk happens more often than you think. It keeps businesses and economists on their heels as they update their risk management procedures and methods.
This article examines seven distinct categories of financial hazards. And what impact each risk has on various areas of the economy and also its constituents.
Risk related to assets
Consumers take out loans to finance the purchase of a vehicle or a home or to carry debt on a credit or debit card. These loans are classified as assets in the financing entity’s financial accounts. The funding entities might be banks, non-banking financial institutions, or home finance firms.
The consistent stream of collections these investments are anticipated to receive represents the asset’s primary value. These include credit card overdue payments, mortgage payments, student loans, and vehicle loan EMIs.
Financial institutions package these assets into asset-backed securities that are offered for sale to investment firms like mutual funds and pension funds.
Credit danger
Whenever there is a possibility that the loan debtor may forget, postpone, or fail to fulfill his or her duty to the banking and financial organization that has provided the money, there is a financial risk. The fundamental duty of the financial institution is the management of credit risk.
One of the lending institution’s primary responsibilities is loan underwriting. Offering a loan at a lower interest rate than necessary or to a person or business with a limited ability to repay it can result in significant losses and even insolvency.
Risk of foreign investment
Changes in accounting, reporting and auditing rules are only one example of an external issue that might cause assets to lose value quickly and dramatically.
Nationalization
It alludes to the giving of private property—often without payment—to the government. Following the Cuban Revolution in 1959, Cuba requisitioned all foreign-owned private businesses, and following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident, Japan seized the Tokyo Electric Power Company.
These may be trade battles similar to the ones we currently witness between China and the United States.
Changes in politics or diplomacy
In West Bengal, a few political parties have been opposing foreign investment. Even current assets would be at risk if they were to gain power.
Cash Flow Risk
When a business transacts with a foreign corporation where one currency is greater than the other, exchange rate risk or foreign currency risk may arise. There are two different kinds of currency risks.
Purchase risk
Losses like these are expected when trading with other currencies. Similar to those faced by worldwide fast food businesses Dominos and KFC, which sell locally but file their financial reports in US dollars.
Economic hazard
This refers to the risk connected to various political ideologies, varying legal frameworks, and the overall status of the business in the nation where commerce is being done.
Availability risk
Financial liquidity risks arise when an asset cannot be exchanged quickly enough to avert a loss or an anticipated gain. However, these pension schemes and insurance firms face two types of financial risks:
- Opportunity risk: which refers to the possibility that the sophisticated proceeds will not find appropriate interest rates since the financial system was in a reduced rate environment, and
- Credit risk: which refers to a debtor by the corporation that issued the bonds.
